El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), or El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation, is a quasiperiodic climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean roughly every five years. The Southern Oscillation refers to variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean (warming and cooling known as El Niño and La Niña respectively) and in air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific. The two variations are coupled: the warm oceanic phase, El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure in the western Pacific, while the cold phase, La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure in the eastern Pacific Mechanisms that cause the oscillation remain under study.

The extremes of this climate pattern's oscillations, El Niño and La Niña, cause extreme weather (such as floods and droughts) in many regions of the world. Developing countries dependent upon agriculture and fishing, particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean, are the most affected. In popular usage, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation is often called just "El Niño". El Niño is Spanish for "the little boy" and refers to the Christ child, because periodic warming in the Pacific near South America is usually noticed around Christmas.

I learned that El Niño is a warm ocean current that flows along the equator from the date line and south off the coast of Ecuador at Christmas time.

I want to know more about El Niño, how it forms, how it develops, and what are the benefits and disadvantages of it.

I would like to research on different factors that affects the formation of El Niño.

I appreciate the fact that El Niño makes a fair and sunny weather. With this mater,l plants grow tall and green!

I can apply my learning and insights in understanding why there is sunny and warm weather. I can also share my knowledge to others to be able them to know what an El Niño is.